Conditional sentences

Active and Passive Voice

Short English Grammar

Short English Grammar

Adverbs of Frequency

Question words

 

Questions about the subject

 

When we ask questions about the subject of a sentence, the word order in the question and the answer is the same:

Ben designed this house.

Who designed this house?

X Who did build this house?

Who built this house?

• We use what, who, which, whose and how many in questions about the subject.

Questions about the object

Questions about the object need an auxiliary verb (do, have, is, etc.) before the subject:

John designed this cathedral.

What did John design?

• We use what, which, who, whose, when, where, how often, etc. in questions about the object.
  X Which cathedral John built?
  Which cathedral did John build?

 

Here is a summary of question words with examples:

Question word	Example: subject question	Example: object question
Who	Who is teaching you?	Who do you know here? (Whom is very formal.)
What	What caused the problem?	What film did you see?
What kind of	What kind of people live here?	What kind of TV programmes do you watch?
Which	Which book sold most?	Which picture do you like?
Whose	Whose book won the prize?	Whose book did you borrow?
How many	How many pupils came to the lesson?	How many people did you see?
Why		Why did you get up so late?
When		When did you go to England?
How		How do I get to your house?
How far		How far is the college from here?
How long   How often		How long does it take to get there? How often do you go swimming?

Present Simple

Statement +	Statement –	Questions	Answer +	Answer –
I work	I don’t work	Do I work well ?	Yes, I do	No, I don’t
You work	You don’t work	Do you work ?	Yes, you do	No, you don’t
He works	He doesn’t work	Does he work ?	Yes, he does	No, he doesn’t
She works	She doesn’t work	Does she work ?	Yes, she does	No, she doesn’t
It works	It doesn’t work	Does it work ?	Yes it does	No, it doesn’t
We work	We don’t work	Do we work ?	Yes, we do	No, we don’t
You work	You don’t work	Do you work ?	Yes, you do	No, you don’t
They work	They don’t work	Do they work ?	Yes, they do	No, they don’t

Do the test:

1. Jane (buy) beautiful clothes.
2. My parents  (not/speak) English, sorry !
3. Her sister (phone) every day.
4. I am very good at German; I (understand) it quite well.
5. I am not good at Spanish ; I (not/understand) it at all.
6. (understand/she) Italian ?
7. They have a car, they (not/take) the bus.
8. He has a funny dog. His name is Sugar ; he (play) with him all the time.
9. He’s very big ! He (eat) a lot !
10. (know/ you) Mr Smith ?
11. It’s 10.30 ! They always (get up) late.
12. What time (go/your children) to school ?
13. Harry  (watch) television from 7.00 to 9.00 every evening.
14. She is hard-working, she always (try) to do her best.
15. Jane (study) psychology at university.

 

Listen and count the verbs in Simple Present and Frequency adverbs in these wonderful songs: Present Simple Songs

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

Compare their form:

Compare their use:

Time expressions:

Do the test:

1. Listen! Sandra (play) music!
2. On Sundays, I always (play) football with my friends.
3. I  (not/like) carrots.
4. She (hate) westerns.
5. Can you help Peter? He  (do) his homework.
6. What  (you/watch) on TV? Is it interesting?
7. When I (go) back home, I will phone my girlfriend.
8. We usually (take) a taxi to go to work.
9. They (not/travel) a lot.
10. She  (not/come). She is looking after her little sister.

 

Tenses

Tenses table

Conditionals

Too and Enough

Too and enough indicate degree. They are used with adjectives.

• Too means more than what is needed.
• Enough means sufficient.

Examples

He is too old to play football with the kids.
Dave is intelligent enough to do the right thing.
You’re not working fast enough
I don’t have enough time.
He has too many friends.
Footballers earn too much money.

Use of too and enough

1.Enough precedes adjectives and adverbs:

He isn’t old enough to watch this program.
We’re not walking quickly enough.

2.Enough may also precede nouns:

We have enough money . 
I haven’t got enough money to buy this computer.

3.Too comes before adjectives and adverbs:

It’s too hot to wear that coat.
I was driving too fast.

4. Toomay also come before nouns when it is used with the expressions too much and too many.
5. Too muchis used before uncountable nouns.

There is too much salt in this food.

1. Too manyis used before countable nouns

There are too many students in this classroom.

Fill in the correct word (too or enough)

1. I left the coffee for a minute to cool because it was                        hot to drink.
2. He wasn’t strong                        to lift that heavy box.
3. There aren’t                        policemen in our town.
4. Do you have                        information to help me with this problem?
5. It is                        difficult for a little child to do.
6. I do not have                         time to prepare dinner.
7. I didn’t buy the car because it was                        expensive.
8. He didn’t work hard                        to pass the exam.
9. My mum can’t sleep because she drinks                        much coffee.
10. She isn’t old                        to start driving.